Ibibazo 5 bya Adapter Bitera Amenyo y'Indobo Gutakaza Amenyo ku Bacukuzi ba Caterpillar J300 Series mu Mirimo yo Gucukura Indashyikirwa mu Bucukuzi

Uburyo bwo Kwambara Pin Boss: Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane bwo gutakaza adaptateri

Ipine boss ni ishusho y'icyuma gifunga inyura kuri adaptateri inyuzwamo kugira ngo ifate iryinyo. Mu mikorere yo gupakira imashini aho indobo ikora ku rutare kuri metero 0.5 kugeza 1.2 ku isegonda, pine boss ihura n'umuvuduko wa 80 kugeza 180 kN kuri buri ruziga. Nyuma y'amasaha 1.500 kugeza 2.500 yo gupakira imashini, umurambararo w'ipine boss ushobora kwaguka ho mm 2.5 kugeza 4.0 bitewe n'uko imashini yangiritse, bigatuma pine ihinduka munsi y'umutwaro.

Iyo agapira kamaze kwimuka kuri mm 3 cyangwa zirenga uvuye aho kari gahagaze, amenyo agumana agabanuka agera kuri 40% by'imiterere yabyo. Agapira gashobora gusohoka burundu mu gihe cy'urugendo rukurikira rwo gukurura amenyo menshi, kagasohora amenyo hagati mu gihe cyo gucukura. Itsinda ryacu ry'abahanga mu by'ibyuma ryapimye uburibwe bw'amenyo kuri adaptateri za J300 zasubijwe kuri adaptateri za 47 za J300 maze basanga adaptateri zakozwe mu cyuma cya 30CrNiMo8 cyazimye kuri 42-46 HRC zagaragaje uburibwe bw'amenyo bugabanukaho 62% ugereranyije n'adaptateri zavuye mu cyuma cya karuboni cya 40Cr kuri 35-39 HRC. Matrix ya chromium-nickel-molybdenum alloy irwanya cyane gushingwa kw'amenyo kurusha icyuma cya karuboni gisanzwe.

Gupfuka kw'impeta yo mu gisenge

Adaptateri nyinshi za J300 zikoresha impeta ifata amazi mu ruziga ijya mu mwobo uri ku zuru rya adaptateri. Uwo mwobo w'impeta ukora nk'umuvuduko wo kuzamura stress ushyirwa mu mwobo wa adaptateri. Mu gucukura amabuye afite ingaruka nyinshi aho imbaraga zo hejuru zirenga 250 kN, imiyoboro mito itangira ku murambararo w'uwo mwobo mu masaha 300 kugeza 500 yo gukora. Amakuru aturuka mu birombe 12 byo muri Ositaraliya by'amabuye akomeye yagaragaje ko 23 ku ijana by'intege nke zose za adaptateri za J300 zatewe no kuvunika kw'umuyoboro uva ku zuru ujya ku ziko, aho gutandukana kw'amenyo burundu biba mu masaha ari munsi ya 50 uhereye igihe habaye umwanda wa mbere ugaragara.

Umuti wacu ni imiterere y’imiyoboro yahinduwe ifite umurambararo wa mm 1.5 ku mizi (ugereranije n’umurambararo usanzwe wa mm 0.5) hamwe n’ubukana bw’ubuso bwa HRC 48-52 binyuze mu bushyuhe butandukanye. Ibi byongera gutangira gucukura kugeza ku masaha arenga 1.800 mu igeragezwa rigenzurwa. Mu gihe cy’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, turasaba ko habaho amasaha 25 yo kugenzura kuko igipimo cyo gukwirakwiza imiyoboro mu byuma bya 40Cr ari hagati ya mm 0.08 na 0.15 kuri buri mizingo 100 iyo imaze gutangira.Umutekano w'injangweamabwiriza asaba ko habaho igenzura rya GET groove buri masaha 50, ariko mu ikoreshwa ry’amabuye y’agaciro, igihe cyo gutangiza crash kiba kigufi kandi igenzura rihoraho rigaragazwa n’ubukana bw’ingaruka zabyo.

Imyanya y'intebe ya adaptateri ituruka ku gusimbuza ahantu haterwa n'ubushyuhe

Intebe y'adaptateri ni isura ihagaze aho adaptateri ihura n'umunwa w'indobo. Mu gihe cyo gusudira, agace gafite ubushyuhe mu cyuma cy'ibanze cya adaptateri gashobora kugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 725 kugeza 850, bigatuma ibinyampeke bikomera kandi bigatera martensite mu byuma bifite karuboni iciriritse. Utu duce twa HAZ dufite agaciro ka Charpy kari hasi nka 8 kugeza 12 J kuri dogere selisiyusi 20, ugereranije na 27 kugeza 35 J ku cyuma cy'ibanze. Iyo aka gace gafite ubugari gahuye n'ibihe byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, umunaniro utangira ku mupaka wa HAZ ugakwirakwira unyuze mu bunini bwa adaptateri.

Icyuho akenshi ntikigaragara inyuma kuko gitangira munsi y'intebe. Mu rubanza rumwe rwanditswe n'imashini icukura amabuye y'agaciro yo mu Bwongereza, imashini icukura toni 40 ikora ku kigero cya 85% cy'amazi ya hydraulic yakuyemo adaptateri ya J300 muri HAZ nyuma y'amasaha 1,100 nta bimenyetso byerekana mbere. Kugira ngo dukureho imvune za HAZ, dukora adaptateri za J300 mu cyuma gikoresha karubone nkeya (0.18-0.22% C, 0.8-1.2% Mn) gikomeza agaciro ka Charpy kari hejuru ya 27 J ndetse na nyuma yo gusudira kuri dogere selisiyusi 850. Gushyushya kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 200-250 mbere yo gusudira no kugabanya stress nyuma yo gusudira kuri dogere selisiyusi 300 mu gihe cy'iminota 30 bigabanya ubukana bwa HAZ munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 350.

Uburyo bwo Gufunga Burekura Igihe Umubiri Urimo Guhindagurika

Nubwo imiterere y’ikintu ikomeza kuba yuzuye, uburyo bwo gufunga bushobora gucika intege uko igihe kigenda gihita bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’ingufu. Isesengura ry’ingufu za J300 mu gucukura amabuye y’agaciro ya granite rigaragaza frequencies zikomeye ziri hagati ya 15 na 45 Hz mu gihe cyo gucukura igice cy’ingufu, aho amplitude yo kwihutisha igera kuri garama 5 kugeza kuri 8 ku ndobo. Ibipimo bya torque kuri sisitemu zo gufunga za J300 zo mu bwoko bwa screw byagaragaje ko torque ya mbere yo gushyiraho ya 350 Nm yangiritse igera kuri 180 Nm nyuma y’amasaha 120 yo gukora mu gihe cy’ingufu zumutse. Munsi ya 200 Nm, igipimo cyo gufunga screw kirushaho kwihuta cyane.

Isuzuma ryacu ryagaragaje ko gushyira igikoresho gifunga imigozi (Loctite 270 cyangwa kingana nayo) ku ruzingo rwo gufunga mbere yo gushyiraho, hamwe na torque ya mbere ya 420 Nm, byagumanye agaciro ka torque kari hejuru ya 300 Nm nyuma y'amasaha 300. Turasaba ko amatsinda ashinzwe kubungabunga ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ashyira mu bikorwa igihe cyo kugenzura torque y'amasaha 50 kuri sisitemu zo gufunga za J300, bikagabanuka kugeza ku masaha 25 niba igikoresho gifunga imigozi kidakoreshejwe. Mu bihe bikomeye, uburyo bwo gufunga bugomba gusenywa no gusukurwa buri masaha 500 kugira ngo hakurweho amande menshi ashobora gutera torque itari yo.OSHAamabwiriza yo kubungabunga ibikoresho biremereye atanga inama yo kugenzura torque buri gihe, kandi sisitemu yo gufunga ya J300 isaba kwitabwaho cyane kurusha sisitemu zisanzwe bitewe n’ibidukikije byoroshye mu kazi k’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.

Umunaniro w'ibikoresho: Uburyo bwihishe bwo gutsindwa

Uburemere bw'ibikoresho muri adaptateri za J300 bugaragara nk'imiyoboro ya mikorosikopi ikwirakwira mu gice cyo gucukura mu ngeri ibihumbi z'imizigo. Muri adaptateri zikozwe mu byuma bisanzwe bya 40Cr, ibyinjiramo n'uburemere bwa mikorosikopi mu bwoko bwa mikorosi 50 kugeza kuri 200 bikoreshwa nk'ahantu ho gutangira gucukura. Isuzuma ry'umunaniro ryakozwe kuri adaptateri za 30CrNiMo8 (zimye kandi zigatuzwa kugeza kuri 42-46 HRC) ugereranije na adaptateri za karuboni za 40Cr (35-39 HRC) ryagaragaje ko icyuma cya alloy cyageze ku ngeri miliyoni 1.2 kugeza igihe cyananiwe ku bushyuhe bwa 120 MPa, ugereranije na 340.000 by'icyuma cya karuboni.

Ingano ya nikeli iri muri 30CrNiMo8 (1.2-1.6 ku ijana bya Ni) igira uruhare mu kugabanya igipimo cyo gukwirakwira kw'amacandwe binyuze mu kwiyongera kw'ihindagurika ry'amacandwe mu matrix ya martensite ishyushye. Ingaruka zifatika: adaptateri za J300 za karuboni mu bucukuzi buhoraho zigera ku gihe cy'umunaniro ukabije hagati y'amasaha 3.000 na 4.000. Adaptateri z'ibyuma bya alloy zongera ibi kugeza ku masaha 6.000 kugeza ku 8.000. Igenzura ry'amaso ntirishobora kubona umunaniro mu gihe cya mbere. Porogaramu yonyine yizewe ni ugusimbuza amasaha 4.000 ku adaptateri z'amabuye zifite ingaruka nyinshi, uko imiterere igaragara yaba iri kose.

Igereranya ry'ibyuma: Alloy vs. Carbon Steel

Dushingiye ku igeragezwa ryacu rya adapter za J300 zasubijwe hamwe n'ibizamini byo kwangirika bya laboratwari bigenzurwa, guhitamo ibyuma ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu gukumira uburyo bwose butanu bwo kwangirika.9N4302Amenyo yo gusimbuza J300, iyo ahujwe n'ama-adaptateri y'icyuma cya alloy akomeshejwe neza, amara igihe kinini cy'akazi inshuro 2.1 mu gucukura amabuye ya granite ugereranije n'amenyo amwe ku ma-adaptateri y'icyuma cya karuboni. Ubukana bw'izuru rya 48-52 HRC ku ma-adaptateri y'icyuma yatunganyijwe neza burwanya kwangirika kw'agace k'inyuma, mu gihe ubukana bwa Charpy hejuru ya 27 J burinda kwangirika kw'intebe no kuvunika kw'imiyoboro. Turasaba ko abakora mu gucukura amabuye bagena ama-adaptateri y'icyuma ku gicukura icyo ari cyo cyose gikoresha ibikoresho bifite imbaraga zo gukanda hejuru ya 150 MPa cyangwa bifite imbaraga nyinshi.

Ku bijyanye na [Ningbo Yinzhou Join Machinery Co., Ltd.]

Dukora sisitemu zuzuye za GET zirimosisitemu y'amenyo y'indobonaNingbo Yinzhou Join Machinery Co., Ltd.Adaptateri z'indobo za Caterpillar J300 n'izindi sosiyete zikomeye zo gucukura. Vugana n'itsinda ryacu ry'abahanga ukoresheje inomero ya serivise y'imashini yawe kugira ngo ubone ibisobanuro byihariye bya adaptateri. Dushyigikira ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro mu bihugu 40 hamwe n'ibice byemewe byo kwambara byakozwe hakurikijwe ibipimo bya ISO.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ubuhe buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane bwo gucika intege kw'adaptateri ya J300?Kwambara pin boss ni byo bikunze kugaragara cyane, bingana na 35% by'ibibazo byose bya adaptateri za J300 mu ikoreshwa ry'amabuye y'agaciro. Biterwa n'imitwaro ya cyclic shear ya 80-180 kN hamwe n'uduce twa abrasive twometse mu mwobo wa pin.

Ese adaptateri za J300 zikoreshwa nyuma yo kugurishwa zishobora kuba zihuye n'igihe cy'umunaniro wa OEM?Yego. Iyo ikozwe mu cyuma cya 30CrNiMo8 gifite uburyo bwo kuvura no gushyushya neza kugeza kuri 42-46 HRC, adaptateri zishobora kuba zihuye cyangwa zirenze igihe cyo kunanirwa kwa OEM. Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ingano bugomba kuba buhuye n’imiterere y’izuru rya OEM muri mm 0.1 cyangwa 0.1.

Adaptateri za J300 zigomba gusimburwa kangahe?Gusimbuza ibyuma bikoresha amabuye y’agaciro mu gihe cy’amasaha 4.000 ni byiza ku byuma bikoresha amabuye y’agaciro bifite ingaruka nyinshi, hatitawe ku miterere igaragara. Igenzura rikorwa buri masaha 25-50 y’akazi.

Porogaramu y'igenzura ry'ibikoresho by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro isabwa

Dushingiye ku isesengura ryacu rya adapter ibihumbi za J300 zasubijwe, turasaba ko habaho protocole y’igenzura ry’ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu byiciro bitatu. Icyiciro cya 1 ni igenzura ry’amaso rya buri munsi rikorwa n’umukoresha mbere y’icyiciro cya mbere cyo gucukura: kureba ko hari imivundo igaragara ku ntebe y’abugari n’izuru, kugenzura ko impeta cyangwa impeta igumana, no kumva amajwi adasanzwe mu gihe cyo gusohora kw’impeta. Icyiciro cya 2 ni igipimo cya buri cyumweru: koresha pin bore gauge kugira ngo upime umurambararo w’impeta ku myanya ine (hejuru, hasi, ibumoso, iburyo) kandi wandike agaciro. Kongeraho mm 2.0 uhereye ku bimenyetso by’ibanze bigaragaza ko hakenewe gahunda yo gusimbuza. Icyiciro cya 3 ni igenzura rya buri kwezi ry’ibara rya HAZ, isura y’intebe, n’umuyoboro w’impeta ugumana. Iyi protocole, yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu bikorwa 14 byo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro hakoreshejwe adapters zacu, yagabanyije 78 ku ijana mu gihe cy’amezi 12 cyo gukurikirana.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho adapter kugira ngo ubone ubuzima ntarengwa

Uburyo bwiza bwo gushyiraho bufite ingaruka zifatika ku buzima bwa adaptateri. Itsinda ryacu rishinzwe serivisi zo mu murima ryanditse ko adaptateri zishyirwaho zifite ibipimo by’ubushuhe bitari byo bitakaza 30 kugeza kuri 50% by’ubuzima bw’umunaniro buteganijwe. Ibipimo by’ubushuhe byasabwe kuri adaptateri za J300 ku minwa y’indobo zicukurwa birimo: E7018 electrode nke ya hydrogen, ubushyuhe bwa 200-250 deg C bushyirwa ku gice cya 75 mm gikikije agace k’ubushuhe, ubushyuhe bwo hagati butarenze dogere C 350, urukurikirane rw’amasaro yo gusukamo ruva hagati rugakora hanze kugira ngo rugenzure uburyo bwo gukonjesha, hamwe no gukonjesha buhoro buhoro munsi y’igitambaro gikingira ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira kugira ngo habeho ubukonje buri munsi ya dogere C 50 ku isaha. Ingano y’agace k’ubushuhe igomba kuba hagati ya mm 8 na 10 hejuru no hepfo y’intebe y’abushuhe. Igenzura ry’ubushuhe rigomba kuba rikubiyemo isuzuma ry’uduce twa magneti mu masaha 24 uhereye igihe birangiye, hanyuma nyuma y’amasaha 100 yo gusudira kugira ngo harebwe ko ubushuhe buri munsi y’umutwaro.

Isesengura ry'Ibiciro n'Imikorere hakurikijwe Ingano y'Ibikoresho bya Adaptara

Ku bakoresha amabuye y'agaciro basuzuma ivugururwa ry'icyuma cya karuboni cya 40Cr kikagera kuri adaptateri za J300 za alloy steel za 30CrNiMo8, ubukungu bushingiye ku mikorere. Mu ikoreshwa ry'amabuye y'agaciro ya granite aho ingano ya silica irenga 25% n'imbaraga zo gukanda zirenga 200 MPa, ikiguzi ku isaha yo gukora kuri adaptateri za 40Cr ni hafi $0.38 ku isaha (hashingiwe ku giciro cyo kugura cya $380 n'igihe cyo gukora amasaha 1.000 ku ikoreshwa ry'agace k'inyuma gusa, ntabwo ari ingaruka zo kwangirika). Kuri adaptateri za 30CrNiMo8 ku giciro cyo kugura cya $520 n'igihe cyo gukora amasaha 2.800, ikiguzi ku isaha kigabanuka kikagera kuri $0.19. Adaptateri y'icyuma ya alloy igabanya 50 ku giciro ku isaha yo gukora mu gihe ikuraho ibyago bikomeye byo kwangirika bigatera ihagarara ritunguranye. Amafaranga y'icyuma ya alloy agaruzwa mu masaha 1.400 ya mbere yo gukora mu gihe cyo gukora muri granite. Mu bikorwa bigabanya ingaruka nko gucukura ibumba, inyungu ku giciro iragabanuka ariko igakomeza kuba nziza ku cyuma cy’ibyuma ku giciro kiri hasi cya 25% ku isaha imwe y’akazi.

Kwangirika kw'urumuri rw'izuru rwa adaptateri n'ingaruka zarwo ku kubika amenyo

Izuru rya adaptateri ni ubuso bukozwe neza buhuza neza n'iryinyo ry'indobo. Mu gihe cy'ingendo ibihumbi z'imizigo mu gihe cy'ubucukuzi, imiterere y'izuru iragenda isaza buhoro buhoro, ihindura imiterere y'aho adapter n'iryinyo bihurira. Isesengura ryacu ry'imiterere y'adaptateri ryagarutse nyuma y'amasaha 2,000 yo gucukura granite ryagaragaje ko ubugari bw'izuru bwagabanutseho impuzandengo ya mm 1.8 ugereranije n'ibyari bisanzwe, naho uburebure bw'izuru bugabanukaho mm 1.2. Izi mpinduka mu ngero zituma adaptateri n'iryinyo bihagarara neza, bigashyiramo uburyo bwo kwihutisha kwangirika kw'ipin no kugabanya umwanya wo kohereza imizigo neza. Iyo aho amazi ava ku zuru ajya ku ryinyo arenga mm 0.5, ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ipin byiyongeraho gatatu. Umuti si ugukora adaptateri gusa kugira ngo zirusheho kwihanganira ibintu bya mbere, ahubwo ni ugushushanya imiterere y'izuru rya adaptateri hakoreshejwe imiterere igabanya kwangirika ikomeza gukora neza nubwo imiterere y'izuru yangirika. Adaptateri zacu za J300 zirimo agace ka dogere ebyiri ku mpande z'izuru gatanga ubushobozi bwo kwishyuza uko izuru rigenda rishira, bigatuma umutwaro wiyongera neza mu gihe cyose adaptateri ikora.

Uburyo bwo Kugenzura Ubushyuhe mu Gutunganya Ireme Rihoraho rya Adaptateri

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu gukora adaptateri ya J300 ni ukugenzura uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe. Umurongo wacu wo gutunganya ubushyuhe kuri adaptateri z'icyuma zikozwe mu byuma birimo sitasiyo yo gushyushya mbere ya dogere selisiyusi 350 mu gihe cy'iminota 30 kugira ngo igabanye ubushyuhe, itanura rituma umwuka ugurumana kuri dogere selisiyusi 860 rifite ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 5 cyangwa 10 mu gace k'umutwaro, sisitemu yo kuzimya amavuta ifite uburyo bwo kuzimya bugenzurwa bugumana igipimo cyo kuzimya cya dogere selisiyusi 55 ku isegonda mu buryo bwo guhindura martensite, n'itanura rituza kuri dogere selisiyusi 450 mu gihe cy'iminota 90 kugira ngo ugere ku ntego yo gukomera kwa HRC 42-46. Buri gice cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe kirimo amakaramu atatu yo gupima agabanywamo ibice, asukurwa, agacukurwa, kandi agasuzumwa hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi y'icyuma kugira ngo harebwe ko imiterere ya martensite ishyushye ihuye n'ibisabwa. Igice icyo ari cyo cyose kigaragaza austenite igumanye hejuru ya 3% cyangwa imiterere ya carbide network iranze kandi ikongera gushyuha. Uru rwego rwo kugenzura ibikorwa, rukomeza gukoreshwa mu byiciro birenga 10.000 by'umusaruro buri mwaka, rutuma buri adaptateri ya J300 iva mu kigo cyacu yuzuza urugero rumwe rw'imikorere hatitawe ku itariki yo gukora cyangwa ingano y'itsinda.

Igiciro cyose cy'umutungo: Adaptateri za Carbon Steel vs. Alloy Steel J300

Ikiguzi cyose cy’isesengura ry’umutungo wa adaptateri za J300 muri serivisi y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro kigomba kuba kirimo ibice bitandatu by’ikiguzi: igiciro cy’ibanze cyo kugura, akazi ko gushyiraho, igihe cyo gukora mu masaha y’akazi, igihe cyo gukora kitateganijwe (gitandukanye bitewe n’ingano y’ubucukuzi n’agaciro k’umusaruro), ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza iyo adaptateri yangiritse mbere y’uko igihe cyo kuyikoresha kirangira, hamwe n’ingwate yo kugaruza garanti. Ku adaptateri za 40Cr z’icyuma cya karuboni ku giciro cya $380 cyo kugura, igihe cyo gukora giteganijwe ni amasaha 1.200 mu gihe cy’ubucukuzi buringaniye, hamwe n’amahirwe ya 12% yo gutsindwa mbere y’igihe (mbere y’amasaha 800) hashingiwe ku makuru yacu yo mu murima yavuye kuri adaptateri 1.400 zikurikiranye. Igiciro cyose kuri adaptateri harimo ibyago byo kuyishyiraho n’ibyago byo gukora igihe cyo gukora ni hafi $580. Ku adaptateri za 30CrNiMo8 z’icyuma cya alloy ku giciro cya $520 cyo kugura, igihe cyo gukora giteganijwe ni amasaha 3.600 hamwe n’amahirwe ya 2% yo gukora igihe cyo gukora. Igiciro cyose kuri adaptateri harimo ibyago byo kuyishyiraho n’ibyago byo gukora ni hafi $720. Nubwo adaptateri y'icyuma cy'ubutare ifite igiciro cyiyongereyeho 24%, ikiguzi cyayo ku isaha yo gukora ni $0.20 ugereranyije na $0.48 ku byuma bya karuboni, igabanukaho 58%. Ku bacukuzi 10 bakoresha ubucukuzi bakoresha adaptateri kuri iki gipimo, amafaranga azigamwa ku mwaka arenga $14.000.